Suthar Agripoint

FEW TERMS RELATED WITH RICE PROCESSING Hulling : It is the process of removing husk and bran of the paddy in one operation. Huller : It is a machine used for hulling purpose. Shelling : It is the process of removing husk (also called hull) from the paddy grain. It is also called Dehusking or Husking. Rubber roll sheller:   It is a machine using rolls, covered with rubber for shelling paddy. Drying : The process of removal of moisture from the grain called drying.  Brown rice: When paddy is shelled, brown coloured rice obtained. This is called brown rice.

ORGANIC FARMING   Important Points # The term "Organic' was first used by Northbourne (1940) is his book 'Look to the Land. # Australia is the leading organic farming country in the world. # Sikkim is the leading organic farming state in the India. # Biodynamic farming and natueco farming are the method of organic farming. # Rudolf Steiner is the father of biodynamic farming.  # In India organic foods are produced as per standard of NSOP. # NSOP stands for National Standard for Organic Production. # NAB (National Accreditation Body) is the Apex body of organic certification in India. # National centre for organic farming (NCOF) is located at Ghaziabad, U.P. # National project on organic farming (NPOF) started in year 2004. # Association for Promotion of Organic Products (APOP) is located at Bangalore.

A. General classification: Major or macro-nutrients: Those nutrients which are required by the plants in concentrations more than 1 ppm are termed as major or macro-nutrients.  These are grouped in to:- A. Basic nutrients: C, H, O Provides basic structure to plants. B. Primary nutrient: N, P, K C. Secondary: Ca, Mg, S Minor or micro-nutrients: . The elements which are required by plants in concentration less than 1 ppm are put in this category. . They are also called as trace elements or oligo elements. These are Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Bo, Cl and Molybdenum Immobile nutrients:        Ca& B  Energy exchange: H & O Cation nutrients:  K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn Anion mitrients:       P, B, Mo, Cl, So4 Both anion &cation form:  N (NH4+, NO3) Nonmetals nutrients: B B. Other classification of plant nutrients: Essential nutrient: . According to Arnon & Stout there are 16 essential nutrients for plants e.g. C, H,O, NPK, Ca, Mg,...

Soil Colour              Soii Colour: By Munsel colour chart.   1) Hue:  The dominent spectral colour. 2) Value:  The relative lightness of colour. 3) Chroma:  relative strength of colour. . 🔻Soil_Colours:🔻    i) Black colour:  due to organic matter (O.M.) ii) Red yellow:  Unhydrated ferric oxides. iii) Brown: Mixture of O.M and Iron oxides. iv) White:  Silica and lime  v) Bluish and Greenish-:  Ferrus compund. vi) Motting colour:  alternate oxidation and reduction of Iron.

Soil Moisture Constants Plants require adequate moisture constantly within the root zone from germination to maturity. A proper moisture balance has to be maintained for unretarded growth and development of plants at various stages. Hence, certain soil moisture contents are of particular significance in agriculture and are often called 'soil moisture constants'.    These soil moisture constants are explained below. Saturation capacity: When all the pores of the soil are filled with water, the soil is said to be under saturation capacity or maximum water holding capacity. The tension of water at saturation capacity is almost zero. Field capacity (FC): The field capacity of the soil is the moisture content after all the gravitational water is drained and the moisture content has become relatively stable. This situation usually exists two to three days after the soil has been thoroughly wetted by rainfall or irrigation. The field capacity is the upper limit of available moistur...

Terms Used in Poultry Production # Hen -  A matured female chicken generally above 20 weeks of age. # Cock -  A matured male chicken above 20 weeks of age. # Pullet -  A young female chicken from 9 to 20 weeks of age. # Cockerel -   A young male chicken from 5-8 months of age. # Chick -  A young male or female fowl below S weeks of age. # Day-old chick -   Hatched out chick is called as day-old-chick up to 24 hours. # Grower -    A young chick of 9lh week of 20lh week of age of either sex. # Brood -  A group of chicks of same age raised in one batch is called as a brood. # Brooding -  The process of rearing the young chick from day old stage to 4 to 6 weeks of age during which, heat is to be provided to keep them warm. # Brooder - A device for providing artificial heat to the chicks. # Brolier -  They are the hybrid chicks having rapid growth and attaining about 1.5 kg weight during the period of 6 weeks of age. Sold for...

* Fertilizers : Fertilizers are generally inorganic in origin and they supply one / more essential plant nutrients in large proportions. *Classification of fertilizer - A. Straight fertilizer - Fertilizer which supply only one major plant nutrient e.g. Urea B. Complex fertilizer - Fertilizer which supplies two or more of the primary nutrients e.g. DAP C. Mixed fertilizers - Are the products made by mixing two or more fertilizer e.g. NPK  D. Complete fertilizer - Fertilizer having all three primary major Nutrients e.g. NPK E. Low analysis fertilizers - Having less than 25 % of the primary nutrient e.g. SSP F. High analysis fertilizer - Contains more than 25 % of the total primary nutrient e.g. Urea

महाराष्ट्र के किसानों के हित के लिए राज्य के वित्त मंत्री अजित पवार ने बजट पेश करते हुए कई अहम फैलसे लिए हैं, जिसमें किसानों की कर्ज माफ़ी पर भी फैसला लिया गया है. राज्य की अर्थव्यवस्था में सुधार के लिए महाराष्ट्र के वित्त मंत्री अजित पवार (Finance Minister Ajit Pawar ) ने ख़ास बजट पेश किया है, जिसमें उन्होंने किसानों के हित लिए कई अहम फैसले लिए हैं. उनमें से ही एक फैसला किसानों की कर्ज माफ़ी का भी है. दरअसल, महाराष्ट्र के किसानों के लिए बेहद और ख़ास खबर है. आपको बता दें कि अब सभी कर्ज में डूबे किसानों की चिंताएं खत्म होंगी. जी हाँ, महाराष्ट्र सरकार (Maharashtra Government ) ने यह फैसला राज्य की सभी भूमि विकास बैंक से लोन प्राप्त करने वाले किसानों के लिए लिया है. जिसमें सरकार का कहना है कि उनके इस फैसले से राज्य में करीब 34,788 किसानों के 964.15 करोड़ रुपए का कर्ज माफ किया जायेगा. अब किसानों को अपनी फसल के लिए लिया गया कर्ज का भुगतान सरकार द्वारा किया जायेगा. किसानों के सुनहरे भविष्य के लिए सरकार ने कहा कि राज्य के बजट के अनुसार करीब 275 करोड़ 40 लाख रुपए की रकम का इस्तेमाल भूमि विकास बैंक...

~ Theory of evolution was given by: Charles Darwin. ~ Photo-respiration is: Energy spending process. ~ Mass flow is affected by: Transpiration. ~ Conversion of fat to sugar occurs in : Glyoxysomes. ~ Photorespiration occurs in: Chloroplast. ~ Photosynthesis is an: Oxidation - Reduction process. ~ Photo system II is absent in: C4plants. ~ Conversion of fat into carbohydrate is in: Glyoxylate cycle. ~ Precursor of IAA is: Tryptophan. ~ Father of plant physiology is: Stephen hales.  ~ Cobalt as a constituent of : Vit. B12 ~ Law of tolerance introduced by: Shelford.  ~ Glycolysis occurs in the part of cell: Cytoplasm ~ Krebs cycle & ETC occurs in: Mitochondria ~ Final product of Glycolysis is: Pyruvate. ~ Light or hill reaction takes place in: Grana of chloroplast.  ~ Dark reaction or Calvin cycle takes place in: Stroma of chloroplast.  ~ Most abundant protein in the world: Rubisco.  ~ One molecule of glucose is produced: 686 Kcal. ~ Highest water use effici...

  Anti-transpirants  Antitranspirants are the materials or chemicals which decrease the water loss from plant leaves by reducing the size and number of stomata. Nearly 99 per cent of the water absorbed by the plant is lost in transpiration. Antiranspirants and is any natural applied to transpiring plant surfaces for reducing water loss from the plant. There are of four types. 1. Stomatal closing type: Most of the Tran spirants occur through the stomata on the leaf surface. Some fungicides like phenyl mercuric acetate (PMA) and herbicides like Atrazine in low concentration serve as antitranspirants by inducing stomatal closing. These might reduce the photosynthesis. PMA was found to decrease transpiration than photosynthesis. 2. Film forming type: Plastic and waxy material which form a thin film on the leaf surface and result into physical barrier.  For example ethyl alcohol. It reduces photosynthesis Eg. Tag 9, S – 789 foliate. 3. Reflectance type: They are white materi...

• Rice Transplanting 40kg/ha  • Rice Broadcasting 100kg/ha  • Rice Drilling 60kg/ha  • Rice Dibbling 80-90kg/ha   • Rice Depog 1.5-3kg/ha  • Rice Hybrid 12-15kg/ha  • Rice SRI 5-6kg/ha  • Wheat 100-125kg/ha • Wheat Late Sowing 125kg/ha  • Wheat Hybrid 60-70kg/ha  • wheat by dibbler 25-30 kg/ha • Barley 100kg/ha  • Barley Late Sowing 125kg/ha  • Maize Composite 18-20kg/ha  • Maize Hybrid 20-25kg/ha  • Maize Fodder 40-60kg/ha  • Sorghum 12-15kg/ha  • Sorghum Fodder 20-30kg/ha  • Pearlmillet 4-5kg/ha • Pearlmillet Fodder 20-30kg/ha  • Gram 75-80kg/ha  • Pigeonpea 12-15kg/ha  • Moong Kharif 12-15kg/ha  • Moong Spring 20-25kg/ha  • Urd Kharif 12-15kg/ha • Urd Spring 20-25kg/ha  • Field pea 75-80kg/ha  • Cowpea 20-25kg/ha  • Sunhemp 20-25kg/ha  • Groundnut Bunch 100-120kg/ha  • Groundnut Spreading 80-100kg/ha   • Mustard 4-6kg/ha  • Linseed Small 15-...

Crops -  Sorghum, Rice, Pearl millet, Pigeon pea,  black gram, green gram, cowpea, Maize, etc. General detail -  Name , botanical name , family , origin , soil PH and soil , varieties, seed and sowing, Yield  Download Chart Click here

• Aphids :🦟 *  Potato virus Y * Potato leaf roll virus * Bean common mosaic * Chilli mosaic * Cucumber mosaic * Papaya ring spot * Katte disease of cardamom by Cardamom Mosaic Virus (CdMV) * Citrus tristeza virus  * Banana Bunchy top * Barley Yellow Dwarf * Red stripe of sorghum * Groundnut rosette * Pea enation mosaic * Grassy shoot of sugarcane • White fly 🪰 * Cotton leaf curl virus * Yellow vein mosaic of Okra * Leaf curl malady in cotton, chilly, papaya * African cassava mosaic * Tomato yellow leaf curl * Tomato mottle * Bean golden mosaic virus • Hoppers 🦗 * Rice tungro virus * Rice waika virus (new virus disease, found in Kyushu, Japan) * Rice stunt * Rice yellow dwarf * Rice stripe * Rice ragged stunt * Maize streak virus * Wound tumor virus * Sugarcane Fiji virus * Beet curly top virus * Sandal spike * Little leaf of brinjal * Sesamum phylloidy * Peach X disease * Citrus stubborn * Corn stunt  * Grassy shoot of sugarcane •Mealy bug * Banana streak virus • ...

 (i) Row crops : Crops which are grown in rows with uniform spacing throughout the field. e. g. cotton, castor, sorghum, etc.  (ii) Support crops : certain fast growing crops work as supporter to vine crops. e.g. castor, shevri in betel vine, sorghum in cowpea/bean. (iii) Wind break crops : Crops which are grown on boundaries to protect the field crops from wind.  (iv) Cover crops : Cover crops are grown primarily to cover the soil and to reduce the lost of moisture and erosion by wind and water. e.g. groundnut, kidney bean, cowpea, mung bean. (v) Silage crops : Crop which are preserved in a succulent condition by partial fermentation in a tight silo pit. e.g. maize, sorghum, bajra. Agriculture exams library telegram channel  (vi) Cash crops : crop grown for sale and brings money immediately. e.g. cotton, tobacco, potato, sugarcane. (vii) Green manure crops: Any crop which are grown and buried into the soil for improving the soil condition by the addition of o...

  Classification of Horti cultural  From time to time, horticultural crops have been classified into various groups depending on their growth  habits, cultivation requirements, climatic needs and uses. Horticultural crops are popularly classified into the 3  broad divisions of fruits vegetables and flowers. However, following points are considered to be most important basis for classification of the crops. 1. Classification Based on Growth Habit and Physiological Character. 2. Classification Based on Life Span of Plants. 3. Classification Based on Climatic Requirements. 4. Classification Based on Seasonal Basis. 5. Classification Based on Use of Horticultural Plants. 1. Classification of Horticultural Crops Based on Growth Habit and Physiological Character -  Growth habit and physiological character e.g. herbs, shrubs, climbers and creepers Examples: Herbs:  Ageratum, Lawn Grasses. Shrubs:  Nerium, Hibiscus, Trees:  Mango, Tamarind, Rain tree Clim...

Horticulture  Its definition and branches, importance and scope    The word Horticulture in derived from the Latin word Hortus meaning enclosure (garden) and culture - meaning, cultivation,.  Thus Horticulture mans culture or cultivation of garden crops. Definition of Horticulture: Horticulture may be broadly defined as the Science and art of growing fruits, vegetables and flowers and crops like spices condiments and other plantation crops. It is a science of cultivation of Garden plants. The word Horticulture in derived from the Latin word Hortus meaning enclosure (garden) and culture -meaning, cultivation.  Thus Horticulture mans culture or cultivation of garden crops.  Branches of Horticulture: Horticultural Science is the most distinct branch of Agricultural Sciences and call be divided into four differentbranches as follow. A) Main Branches: 1. Pamology It deals with cultivation of fruit crops. 2. Olericulture It deals with cultivation of vegetable cro...