Plant Nutrients Classification

Plant Nutrients Classification

A. General classification:

Major or macro-nutrients:

Those nutrients which are required by the plants in concentrations more than 1 ppm are termed as major or macro-nutrients. 

These are grouped in to:-

A. Basic nutrients: C, H, O Provides basic structure to plants.

B. Primary nutrient: N, P, K

C. Secondary: Ca, Mg, S

Minor or micro-nutrients:

. The elements which are required by plants in concentration less than 1 ppm are put in this category.

. They are also called as trace elements or oligo elements. These are Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Bo, Cl and Molybdenum

Immobile nutrients: 

      Ca& B 

Energy exchange: H & O

Cation nutrients: 

K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn

Anion mitrients: 

     P, B, Mo, Cl, So4

Both anion &cation form: 

N (NH4+, NO3)

Nonmetals nutrients: B

B. Other classification of plant nutrients:

Essential nutrient:

. According to Arnon & Stout there are 16 essential nutrients for plants e.g. C, H,O, NPK, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Mo, B, Zn, Cu, Cl. 

Nickel is the 17 essential element known in 1987 by Brown et al.

SUTHAR AGRIPOINT

Topic Soil Colour

Topic Soil Colour

Soil Colour

            

Soii Colour: By Munsel colour chart.

 

1) Hue: 

The dominent spectral colour.

2) Value: 

The relative lightness of colour.

3) Chroma: 

relative strength of colour. .

🔻Soil_Colours:🔻

  

i) Black colour: 

due to organic matter (O.M.)

ii) Red yellow:

 Unhydrated ferric oxides.

iii) Brown:

Mixture of O.M and Iron oxides.

iv) White:

 Silica and lime 

v) Bluish and Greenish-: 

Ferrus compund.

vi) Motting colour: 

alternate oxidation and reduction of Iron.

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Topic - Soil Moisture Constants

Topic - Soil Moisture Constants

Soil Moisture Constants

Plants require adequate moisture constantly within the root zone from germination to maturity. A proper moisture balance has to be maintained for unretarded growth and development of plants at various stages. Hence, certain soil moisture contents are of particular significance in agriculture and are often called 'soil moisture constants'. 

 These soil moisture constants are explained below.

Saturation capacity: When all the pores of the soil are filled with water, the soil is said to be under saturation capacity or maximum water holding capacity. The tension of water at saturation capacity is almost zero.

Field capacity (FC): The field capacity of the soil is the moisture content after all the gravitational water is drained and the moisture content has become relatively stable. This situation usually exists two to three days after the soil has been thoroughly wetted by rainfall or irrigation. The field capacity is the upper limit of available moisture range in soil moisture and plant relations. The soil moisture tension at field capacity varies from soil to soil, but usually it is considered around 1/3 atmosphere.

Permanent wilting point (PWP): It is the soil moisture content at which plants can no longer obtain enough moisture to meet transpiration requirements, remain wilted and their growth ceases. At the permanent wilting point the films of water around the soil particles are held so tightly that roots in contact with the soil cannot remove water at a sufficient rate to meet the demand. Hence, the plant is wilted. The permanent wilting point is the lower limit of available moisture range in soil moisture and plant relations. The soil moisture tension at permanent wilting point is about 15 atmospheres.

Available water: Soil moisture between field capacity and permanent-wilting point is referred to as readily available water. It is, the moisture available for plant use. It is generally reported that the water depletion within this broadly accepted available range need not be beyond 50% for most of the crops for obtaining water at fairly sufficient rate. In general, fine-textured soils have a wide range of water between field capacity and permanent wilting point than coarse textured soils.

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Topic - Terms Used in Poultry Production

Topic - Terms Used in Poultry Production

Terms Used in Poultry Production

# Hen - 

A matured female chicken generally above 20 weeks of age.

# Cock - A matured male chicken above 20 weeks of age.

# Pullet - 

A young female chicken from 9 to 20 weeks of age.

# Cockerel - 

A young male chicken from 5-8 months of age.

# Chick - 

A young male or female fowl below S weeks of age.

# Day-old chick - 

Hatched out chick is called as day-old-chick up to 24 hours.

# Grower -  

A young chick of 9lh week of 20lh week of age of either sex.

# Brood - A group of chicks of same age raised in one batch is called as a brood.

# Brooding - 

The process of rearing the young chick from day old stage to 4 to 6 weeks of age during which, heat is to be provided to keep them warm.

# Brooder -

A device for providing artificial heat to the chicks.

# Brolier - They are the hybrid chicks having rapid growth and attaining about 1.5 kg weight during the period of 6 weeks of age. Sold for table purpose within 8 to 10 weeks period. They possess a very tender and delicious meat.

# Capon -

It is a young male birds of which testicle are removed.

# Layer -

An egg laying female chicken up to one year after starting the laying of eggs.

# Broody - A hen which has stopped laying eggs temporarily.

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# Clutch - 

The number of eggs laid by a bird on consecutive days. A clutch of 3-4 eggs is preferred.

# Moulting - 

The process of shading old feathers and growth of new feather in their place moulting normally occurs once in a year.

# Culling - Removal of unwanted bird from the flock is known as culling e.g. old non-laying birds, sick birds and masculine hens are removed.

# Pause -

It is the period between two clutches in which eggs are not laid by hen.

# Hen-day-production-

This is arrived by dividing total eggs laid in the season by the average number of birds in the house.

# Hen-housed-average-

 This is arrived at by dividing the total number of eggs laid in the season by the number of birds originally placed in the house.  No deductions are made for any losses from the flocks.

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Topic - Fertilizer

Topic - Fertilizer

* Fertilizers:

Fertilizers are generally inorganic in origin and they supply one / more essential plant nutrients in large proportions.

*Classification of fertilizer -

A. Straight fertilizer -

Fertilizer which supply only one major plant nutrient e.g. Urea

B. Complex fertilizer -

Fertilizer which supplies two or more of the primary nutrients e.g. DAP

C. Mixed fertilizers -

Are the products made by mixing two or more fertilizer e.g. NPK 

D. Complete fertilizer -

Fertilizer having all three primary major Nutrients e.g. NPK

E. Low analysis fertilizers -

Having less than 25 % of the primary nutrient e.g. SSP

F. High analysis fertilizer -

Contains more than 25 % of the total primary nutrient e.g. Urea

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होली पर किसानों को मिला कर्जमाफी का ख़ास तोहफा, 34,788 किसानों को होगा लाभ

होली पर किसानों को मिला कर्जमाफी का ख़ास तोहफा, 34,788 किसानों को होगा लाभ

महाराष्ट्र के किसानों के हित के लिए राज्य के वित्त मंत्री अजित पवार ने बजट पेश करते हुए कई अहम फैलसे लिए हैं, जिसमें किसानों की कर्ज माफ़ी पर भी फैसला लिया गया है.

राज्य की अर्थव्यवस्था में सुधार के लिए महाराष्ट्र के वित्त मंत्री अजित पवार (Finance Minister Ajit Pawar ) ने ख़ास बजट पेश किया है, जिसमें उन्होंने किसानों के हित लिए कई अहम फैसले लिए हैं. उनमें से ही एक फैसला किसानों की कर्ज माफ़ी का भी है. दरअसल, महाराष्ट्र के किसानों के लिए बेहद और ख़ास खबर है. आपको बता दें कि अब सभी कर्ज में डूबे किसानों की चिंताएं खत्म होंगी.

जी हाँ, महाराष्ट्र सरकार (Maharashtra Government ) ने यह फैसला राज्य की सभी भूमि विकास बैंक से लोन प्राप्त करने वाले किसानों के लिए लिया है. जिसमें सरकार का कहना है कि उनके इस फैसले से राज्य में करीब 34,788 किसानों के 964.15 करोड़ रुपए का कर्ज माफ किया जायेगा. अब किसानों को अपनी फसल के लिए लिया गया कर्ज का भुगतान सरकार द्वारा किया जायेगा.

किसानों के सुनहरे भविष्य के लिए सरकार ने कहा कि राज्य के बजट के अनुसार करीब 275 करोड़ 40 लाख रुपए की रकम का इस्तेमाल भूमि विकास बैंक कर्मचारियों के भुगतान के लिए किया जाएगा. वहीँ वित्त मंत्री अजित पवार ने बजट पेश (Budget Presented ) करते हुए बताया कि साल 2020 में उन्होंने पहले बजट में किसानों का लोन चुकाने के लिए 50,000 रुपए का इंसेंटिव देने की घोषणा की थी, लेकिन आर्थिक तंगी के चलते इस राशि का वितरण नहीं हो पाया था.

SUTHAR AGRIPOINT

Plant Physiology Important Que For Jet / Pre-Pg

Plant Physiology Important Que For Jet / Pre-Pg

~ Theory of evolution was given by: Charles Darwin.

~ Photo-respiration is: Energy spending process.

~ Mass flow is affected by: Transpiration.

~ Conversion of fat to sugar occurs in: Glyoxysomes.

~ Photorespiration occurs in: Chloroplast.

~ Photosynthesis is an: Oxidation -Reduction process.

~ Photo system II is absent in: C4plants.

~ Conversion of fat into carbohydrate is in: Glyoxylate cycle.

~ Precursor of IAA is: Tryptophan.

~ Father of plant physiology is: Stephen hales. 

~ Cobalt as a constituent of: Vit. B12

~ Law of tolerance introduced by: Shelford. 

~ Glycolysis occurs in the part of cell: Cytoplasm

~ Krebs cycle & ETC occurs in: Mitochondria

~ Final product of Glycolysis is: Pyruvate.

~ Light or hill reaction takes place in: Grana of chloroplast. 

~ Dark reaction or Calvin cycle takes place in: Stroma of chloroplast. 

~ Most abundant protein in the world: Rubisco. 

~ One molecule of glucose is produced: 686 Kcal.

~ Highest water use efficiency order: CAM> C4>C3. 

~ Kranz type leaf anatomy found in: C4 plants. 

~ Calvin cycle & hatch- slack occurs in: Chloroplast. 

~ Photosynthetic rate highest in: C4 plants. 

~ Glucose is a type of sugar: Monosaccharide. 

~ Sugar which is sweetest among all sugars: Fructose. 

~ Examples of disaccharides are: Maltose, lactose, sucrose. 

~ Non reducing sugar: Sucrose. 

~ Sugar found in gernminating seeds: Maltose. 

~ Lactose (milk sugar) is a combination: Glucose + Galactose

~ Term protein was coined by: Moulder in 1840

~ The term enzyme was coined by: W. Kutins

~ Lock & key model was proposed by: Fisher

~ Term vitamin was proposed by: Funk

~ Bond that joins amino acids: Carboxyl.

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